2008年4月26日
Where is Tibet Xizang?
Where is Tibet Xizang?
Posted by longhainet at 17:47:27 | Comments (0)| Trackbacks (0)
2008年4月26日
Tibet Xizang Physical Geography
Tibet Xizang Physical Geography
Tibet Xizang Terrain and Mountains
Tibet Xizang Autonomous Region average altitude above 4,000 meters, is the main part of the Qinghai-Tibet Xizang Plateau, has a "roof of the world" said. The complex terrain can be roughly divided into three different natural areas: north of the North Tibet Xizang Plateau, located in the Kunlun Mountains, Tanggulashan and Gangdise mountains, between Nianqingtanggula Hill, the two-thirds of the total area of the autonomous region; between the Gangdise Mountains and the Himalayas, that the Brahmaputra and its tributaries flow through areas of the South Valley is. Alpine valleys of the East is, for a series of things to gradually toward the north-south mountain ravine, is well-known part of the Hengduan Mountains. Basically, there are very high landscape mountains, middle mountains, low mountains, hillys and plains, and other six types, there are Periglacial Geomorphology, Karst landforms, Sandy landscapes, and Volcanic Features. Meandering in the Tibetan plateau south of the Himalayas, many things similar to the parallel mountain ranges, in the main part of China and India, Nepal at the junction of the online, the total length of 2,400 km, a width of about 200 to 300 km and an average elevation in the 6,000 meters and above. 8844.43 meters above sea level in the world a peak of Mount Everest, standing in the middle of the Himalayas in Nepal on the border in more than 5,000 square kilometers around, there are 4 peak above 8000 meter , 38 peak above 7000 meters.
Tibet Xizang The Stream and Pool:
In the Tibet Xizang Autonomous Region, there are 20 or more streams has more than 10000 sq km drainage area, 100 above has about 2000 sq km drainage area. The famous streams are Jinsha River, Nujiang , Nanchang River and the Yaluzangbu River. Tibet Xizang is one of provinces in China who has the most of international rivers , famous in Asian Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra, Mekong, the Salween and the Irrawaddy river on Jiang and other sources are here. Tibet Xizang 's major rivers of water are from rain, snow and ice melt water and groundwater composition, rich flow, small sediment, good water quality . Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet Xizang for the first rivers, originate in the Himalayas in the north Zhongba County, in central MA glaciers, the Luo Yu region into India, known as the Brahmaputra. Yaluzangbu River (Queensland in China) a total length of 2,057 km, the basin area of over 240,000 square kilometers, the valley around 4500 meters above sea level on average, is the world's highest river. Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, a total depth of 5,382 meters, is the deepest gorge on Earth. Grand Canyon is at the bottom narrowest only 74 meters, about 200 metres broad at its widest point, for a total length of 370 km.
The vast Tibetan plateau, dotted with small lakes over 1500, of which over 1,000 square km area of the Nam Co is the color wrong and Zhaxi Nan Lin Mu wrong over 100 square kilometers of lakes have 47. Nam Co, the world's highest lakes. Lakes area of 24,183 sq km, accounting for about China's one-third of the total area of lakes. Tibet Xizang Plateau is not only China's largest lakes-intensive areas but also the world's highest lake, the largest area, the largest number of Plateau Lakes region. Here the lake lagoons, less fresh water lake, the lake more than 5,000 meters above sea level are 17, they are in an area of 50 square kilometers above.
Tibet Xizang Climatic Characteristics:
Thin air, low air pressure, oxygen content of less
Strong solar radiation and sunshine long time
Low temperature, the temperature difference between day
Obviously the whole year into the dry season and the rainy season
Complicated climate types, changes in the vertical
Tibetan Plateau complex and diverse topography, the formation of a unique highland climate. In addition to the northwest showed cold dry, warm and humid southeast of the overall trend, there are a variety of regional climate and clear weather with the vertical. "20 meter has different days," "a day of the four seasons" and saying that reflect these characteristics. Compared with most parts of China, Tibet Xizang 's thin air, ample sunshine, low temperatures, less precipitation. Tibetan plateau here every cubic metre of air containing oxygen in only about 150 ─ 170 grams, equivalent to the plain areas of 62-65.4 percent. Tibet Xizang is China's largest solar radiation, the same latitude than the plain area, or one-third more than doubled the number of hours sunshine is also the country's high-value centres, the city of Lhasa, the average sunshine hours of 3021 hours. Low temperature, the temperature difference between small, but large temperature different between day and night. Lhasa, Xigaze and the annual average temperature than the hottest temperature on a similar latitude in Chongqing, Wuhan, Shanghai low 10 ─ 15 degrees Celsius. Lhasa, Qamdo, Xigaze, the temperature in degrees Celsius for 18 ─ 20 Ali area of more than 5,000 meters above sea level, August daytime temperatures above 10 degrees Celsius, while the night temperature dropped to below zero Celsius.
Tibet Xizang Autonomous Region around the uneven distribution of rainfall season, the dry season and the boundaries of the rainy season is very evident and more Yeyu. Since the annual rainfall of 5,000 mm southeastern lowlands, gradually descending to the northwest to 50 mm. The annual October to April the following year, the annual rainfall of only 10 to 20 percent, from May to September, rainfall is concentrated, the general annual rainfall of about 90%.
Posted by longhainet at 17:32:27 | Comments (0)| Trackbacks (0)
2008年4月25日
Tibet Xizang’s overview
Tibet Xizang’s overview:
Short title: Tibet Xizang
Tibet Xizang Location:
Tibet Xizang located in the world's largest and highest Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average 4,000 meters above sea level , south of the Himalayas India, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Myanmar and other border countries . North and east is adjacent to Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces and so on.
Tibet Xizang Population:
The region’s total population is 2810000. The birth rate is 17.4 ‰, mortality rate is 5.7 ‰, the natural growth rate is 11.7 ‰. The population density is 221 people per sq km, Tibet Xizang's population distribution is uneven, the majority of the population concentrated in the south and east. Average life expectancy is from 35.5 years to the current 67-year-old before the peaceful liberation in 1951.
Tibet Xizang Area:
More than 1200000 sq km
Tibet Xizang Administrative division:
Tibet Xizang autonomous region has designated a prefecture-level cities and six districts, a county-level cities and 76 counties.
Tibet Xizang Climate:
The average annual temperature of 8 degrees
Tibet Xizang National:
Tibet Xizang in the Tibetan Autonomous Region as the main body of the nation, there are other Han, Hui, Men Bazu, and Luo Bazu. Sherpa and Deng did not have national recognition , its smaller, only 2,000 people
Tibet Xizang Tourist attractions:
The unique geographical environment created a unique scenery of snow-covered
Introduction of Tibet Xizang:
Tibet Xizang has unique scenery of snow-covered plateau, has charming southland charisma, and the nature of this integration with the human landscape, also to travellers with a truly unique charm. So far, there are many Tibetan plateau and the living habits of modern people have a great distance, is also due to a distance of only Tibet Xizang's with all the ornamental value.
Tibet Xizang Autonomous Regional People's Republic of China is one of the five
ethnic autonomous regions, was established in September 1, 1965
Tibet Xizang Autonomous Region locate in southwest border of China, southwest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province and adjacent to the east of Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, connected with the South East, south and west with Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal and other countries bordering, China and the formation of the national total length of nearly 4,000 km of Border. Land area of the region for more than 1.22 million square kilometers, accounting for the country's total area of 12.8 percent.
Posted by longhainet at 2:10:18 | Comments (0)| Trackbacks (0)
2008年4月24日
Tibet Xizang's History
Tibet Xizang's History
Tibet Xizang Early History
Evidence of human habitation dating between 12,000 and 11,000 years ago has been found in NW Tibet Xizang, and in S Tibet Xizang the Yarlung Zangbo valley was, over the centuries, the focus of ancient trade routes from India, China, and Central Asia. Tibet Xizang emerged from an obscure history to flourish in the 7th cent. A.D. as an independent kingdom with its capital at Lhasa. The Chinese first established relations with Tibet Xizang during the T'ang dynasty (618–906), and there were frequent wars of conquest. TheTibetan kingdom was associated with early Mahayana Buddhism, which the scholar and mystic Padmasambhava fashioned (8th cent.) into Tibet Xizangan Buddhism. Toward the end of the 12th cent. many Indian Buddhists, fleeing before the Muslim invasion, went to Tibet Xizang. In the 13th cent. Tibet Xizang fell under Mongol influence, which was to last until the 18th cent. In 1270, Kublai Khan, emperor of China, was converted to Buddhism by the abbot of the Sakya lamasery; the abbot returned to Tibet Xizang to found the Sakya dynasty (1270–1340) and to become the first lama to rule Tibet Xizang. In 1720, the Ch'ing dynasty replaced Mongol rule in Tibet Xizang. China thereafter claimed suzerainty, often merely nominal.
Tibet Xizang Foreign Contacts
During the 18th cent., British authorities in India attempted to establish relations with Lhasa, but the Gurkha invasion of 1788 and the subsequent Gurkha war (1792) with Tibet Xizang brought an abrupt end to the rapprochement. Jesuits and Capuchins had visited Tibet Xizang in the 17th and 18th cent., but throughout the 19th cent. Tibet Xizang maintained its traditional seclusion. Meanwhile, Ladakh, long part of Tibet Xizang, was lost to the rulers of Kashmir, and Sikkim was detached (1890) by Britain. In 1893, Britain succeeded in obtaining a trading post at Yadong, but continued Tibetan interference led to the military expedition (1904) of Sir Francis Younghusband to Lhasa, which enforced the granting of trade posts at Yadong, Gyangzê, and Gar.
Tibet Xizang and China
In 1906 and 1907, Britain recognized China's suzerainty over Tibet Xizang. However, theTibetans were able, with the overthrow of the Ch'ing dynasty in China, to expel (1912) the Chinese in Tibet Xizang and reassert their independence. At a conference (1913–14) of British,Tibetans, and Chinese at Shimla, India, Tibet Xizang was tentatively confirmed under Chinese suzerainty and divided into an inner Tibet Xizang, to be incorporated into China, and an outer autonomous Tibet Xizang. The Shimla agreement was, however, never ratified by the Chinese, who continued to claim all of Tibet Xizang as a “special territory.” After the death (1933) of the 13th Dalai Lama, Tibet Xizang gradually drifted back into the Chinese orbit. The 14th Dalai Lama, who was born in China, was installed in 1939–40 and assumed full powers (1950) after a ten-year regency.
The succession of the 10th Panchen Lama, with rival candidates supported by Tibet Xizang and China, was one of the excuses for the Chinese invasion (Oct., 1950) of Tibet Xizang. By aTibetan-Chinese agreement (May, 1951), Tibet Xizang became a “national autonomous region” of China under the traditional rule of the Dalai Lama, but under the actual control of a Chinese Communist Commission. The Communist government introduced far-reaching land reforms and sharply curtailed the power of the monastic orders. After 1956 scattered uprisings occurred throughout the country, but a full-scale revolt broke out in Mar., 1959, prompted in part by fears for the personal safety of the Dalai Lama. The Chinese suppressed the rebellion, but the Dalai Lama was able to escape to India, where he eventually established headquarters in exile.
The Panchen Lama, who had accepted Chinese sponsorship, acceded to the spiritual leadership of Tibet Xizang. The Chinese adopted brutal repressive measures, provoking charges from the Dalai Lama of genocide. Landholdings were seized, the lamaseries were virtually emptied, and thousands of monks were forced to find other work. The Panchen Lama was deposed in 1964 after making statements supporting the Dalai Lama; he was replaced by a secular Tibetan leader. In 1962, China launched attacks along the Indian-Tibetan border to consolidate territories it claimed had been wrongly given to India by the British McMahon Commission in 1914. Following a cease-fire, Chinese troops withdrew behind the disputed line in the east but continued to occupy part of Ladakh in Kashmir. Some border areas are still in dispute.
In 1965 the Tibetan Autonomous Region was formally established. The Cultural Revolution, with its antireligious orientation, was disastrous for highly religious Tibet Xizang. Religious practices were banned and over 4,000 monasteries were destroyed. Though the ban was lifted in 1976 and some Buddhist temples have again been in operation since the early 1980s,Tibetans continue to complain of widespread discrimination by the Chinese. Several protests in Tibet Xizang in the late 1980s and early 1990s were violently suppressed by the Communist government and martial law was imposed in 1989. Demonstrations against Chinese rule have nevertheless continued. Moreover, in recent years other countries have increasingly raised the issue of human-rights violations in Tibet Xizang, and have pressured the Chinese government to moderate their stance in that region. Religious tensions were again underscored in Jan., 2000, when the 14-year-old Karmapa lama fled Tibet Xizang for India.
Posted by longhainet at 1:24:40 | Comments (0)| Trackbacks (0)
