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2008年4月26日
Tibet Xizang Physical Geography
Tibet Xizang Physical Geography
Tibet Xizang Terrain and Mountains
Tibet Xizang Autonomous Region average altitude above 4,000 meters, is the main part of the Qinghai-Tibet Xizang Plateau, has a "roof of the world" said. The complex terrain can be roughly divided into three different natural areas: north of the North Tibet Xizang Plateau, located in the Kunlun Mountains, Tanggulashan and Gangdise mountains, between Nianqingtanggula Hill, the two-thirds of the total area of the autonomous region; between the Gangdise Mountains and the Himalayas, that the Brahmaputra and its tributaries flow through areas of the South Valley is. Alpine valleys of the East is, for a series of things to gradually toward the north-south mountain ravine, is well-known part of the Hengduan Mountains. Basically, there are very high landscape mountains, middle mountains, low mountains, hillys and plains, and other six types, there are Periglacial Geomorphology, Karst landforms, Sandy landscapes, and Volcanic Features. Meandering in the Tibetan plateau south of the Himalayas, many things similar to the parallel mountain ranges, in the main part of China and India, Nepal at the junction of the online, the total length of 2,400 km, a width of about 200 to 300 km and an average elevation in the 6,000 meters and above. 8844.43 meters above sea level in the world a peak of Mount Everest, standing in the middle of the Himalayas in Nepal on the border in more than 5,000 square kilometers around, there are 4 peak above 8000 meter , 38 peak above 7000 meters.
Tibet Xizang The Stream and Pool:
In the Tibet Xizang Autonomous Region, there are 20 or more streams has more than 10000 sq km drainage area, 100 above has about 2000 sq km drainage area. The famous streams are Jinsha River, Nujiang , Nanchang River and the Yaluzangbu River. Tibet Xizang is one of provinces in China who has the most of international rivers , famous in Asian Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra, Mekong, the Salween and the Irrawaddy river on Jiang and other sources are here. Tibet Xizang 's major rivers of water are from rain, snow and ice melt water and groundwater composition, rich flow, small sediment, good water quality . Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet Xizang for the first rivers, originate in the Himalayas in the north Zhongba County, in central MA glaciers, the Luo Yu region into India, known as the Brahmaputra. Yaluzangbu River (Queensland in China) a total length of 2,057 km, the basin area of over 240,000 square kilometers, the valley around 4500 meters above sea level on average, is the world's highest river. Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, a total depth of 5,382 meters, is the deepest gorge on Earth. Grand Canyon is at the bottom narrowest only 74 meters, about 200 metres broad at its widest point, for a total length of 370 km.
The vast Tibetan plateau, dotted with small lakes over 1500, of which over 1,000 square km area of the Nam Co is the color wrong and Zhaxi Nan Lin Mu wrong over 100 square kilometers of lakes have 47. Nam Co, the world's highest lakes. Lakes area of 24,183 sq km, accounting for about China's one-third of the total area of lakes. Tibet Xizang Plateau is not only China's largest lakes-intensive areas but also the world's highest lake, the largest area, the largest number of Plateau Lakes region. Here the lake lagoons, less fresh water lake, the lake more than 5,000 meters above sea level are 17, they are in an area of 50 square kilometers above.
Tibet Xizang Climatic Characteristics:
Thin air, low air pressure, oxygen content of less
Strong solar radiation and sunshine long time
Low temperature, the temperature difference between day
Obviously the whole year into the dry season and the rainy season
Complicated climate types, changes in the vertical
Tibetan Plateau complex and diverse topography, the formation of a unique highland climate. In addition to the northwest showed cold dry, warm and humid southeast of the overall trend, there are a variety of regional climate and clear weather with the vertical. "20 meter has different days," "a day of the four seasons" and saying that reflect these characteristics. Compared with most parts of China, Tibet Xizang 's thin air, ample sunshine, low temperatures, less precipitation. Tibetan plateau here every cubic metre of air containing oxygen in only about 150 ─ 170 grams, equivalent to the plain areas of 62-65.4 percent. Tibet Xizang is China's largest solar radiation, the same latitude than the plain area, or one-third more than doubled the number of hours sunshine is also the country's high-value centres, the city of Lhasa, the average sunshine hours of 3021 hours. Low temperature, the temperature difference between small, but large temperature different between day and night. Lhasa, Xigaze and the annual average temperature than the hottest temperature on a similar latitude in Chongqing, Wuhan, Shanghai low 10 ─ 15 degrees Celsius. Lhasa, Qamdo, Xigaze, the temperature in degrees Celsius for 18 ─ 20 Ali area of more than 5,000 meters above sea level, August daytime temperatures above 10 degrees Celsius, while the night temperature dropped to below zero Celsius.
Tibet Xizang Autonomous Region around the uneven distribution of rainfall season, the dry season and the boundaries of the rainy season is very evident and more Yeyu. Since the annual rainfall of 5,000 mm southeastern lowlands, gradually descending to the northwest to 50 mm. The annual October to April the following year, the annual rainfall of only 10 to 20 percent, from May to September, rainfall is concentrated, the general annual rainfall of about 90%.
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